Can an employee who claims his job is nothing more than a “weed-whacker” be required to undergo mandatory random drug testing, and be fired if he fails? The Third Circuit recently said:”Yes.”
David Mollo worked for
the Passaic Valley Sewerage Commission (“PVSC”). Based on anonymous, verbal reports of drug and alcohol abuse among its employees, the PVSC instituted a policy of random drug testing of employees whose work was deemed to be “safety sensitive.” Mollo was considered to be such an employee. Upon acknowledging receipt of the company’s new policy, Mollo was tested and was found to be positive for marijuana, cocaine, and PCP. He was suspended from work and elected to sign a stipulation admitting guilt, at which point he was allowed to return to work on a probationary basis provided that he enter a treatment program sponsored by his employer. The stipulation provided that a subsequent test showing the presence of drugs would result in his termination. He returned to work after his suspension, was tested again at which time he tested positive for cocaine. Not surprisingly, he was terminated from his position.
Mollo challenged this termination claiming that the initial testing without any suspicion that he was using drugs violated his rights under the United States and the New Jersey Constitutions to be free from unreasonable search and seizure. He challenged his employer’s classification of his work as being “safety sensitive.” He lost these challenges.
There is no doubt that an unwarranted drug test can amount to an unreasonable search and seizure, which is prohibited by the federal and state constitutions. But, where the safety concerns are legitimate, and the employer is subject to close government supervision, the employee has a diminished expectation of privacy. The right and necessity of mandatory drug testing is obvious for professions such as policemen, firemen and the like. But is the same true for a “weed whacker?”
The court found that Mollo’s job duties included more than just “wee whacking” – he was responsible for landscaping, and snow removal duties and was required to use vehicles and motorized equipment as well as to be available for work on a 24-hour basis. He worked all around the PVSC plant where there were many potentially dangerous machines, chemicals and other situations. Accidents could easily cause injury or death, significant damage to the plant, or service interruption to the over 1 million customers of the water treatment facility. Despite his protestations, Mollo’s job was “safety sensitive.” The concerns of the employer were found to be legitimate and the protocols for testing were found to be minimally intrusive. Hence, PVSC have the right to require testing, and had the right to terminate Mollo upon his failing the drug tests.
It is becoming increasingly easier for employers to require drug testing. There may be instances, however, where such drug testing does violate a person’s civil rights. A lawyer with experience in this area would be a good person to consult. To avoid this problem altogether: Don’t Do Drugs!
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A PICTURE IS WORTH 1,000 WORDS – AND $1. The price of Tresspass.
Like most people, you have probably used Google Maps, and perhaps have seen a photo of your home on the Street View service. What are your privacy rights related to Google, or others, taking that picture and making it available on the internet?canadian pharmacy cialis
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A couple near Pittsburg, Aaron and Christine Boring, filed a lawsuit against Google when they discovered that Google had put a photo of the Boring residence on its Street View map. The Borings contended that Google could have taken the photo only if Google’s photographer had traveled on a private road that led to the Boring’s residence. Mr. and Mrs. Boring’s claims, which were eventually heard in Federal Court, were for invasion of privacy, trespass, unjust enrichment, and damages including punitive damages.
The trial court threw out all of the claims. The Borings appealed. The Court of Appeals upheld the dismissal for all of the counts except that of Trespass.
Generally speaking, Trespass is an unprivileged, intentional intrusion by one person upon land which is in possession of another person. The person who intentionally enters land in the possession of another is subject to liability to the owner for a Trespass, even though his presence on the land causes no harm to either the land or to the owner. If the owner can prove an amount of actual damages, he is entitled to recover that; if not, he may be entitled to recover what is called “nominal” damages – usually an insignificant sum such as one dollar.
The Court of Appeals ruled that the Borings should have the opportunity to prove that Google actually trespassed on their land. If so, the Borings would be entitled to whatever damages they could prove, even if it were nominal damages.
After the litigation was returned to the trial court, the parties engaged in settlement discussions with the assistance of the trial judge. The matter settled shortly thereafter when Google acknowledged that it had trespassed, and the parties agreed to a judgment in the amount of one dollar. Both sides claimed satisfaction. Google released a statement saying: “We are pleased that this lawsuit has finally ended with plaintiffs’ acknowledgment that they are entitled to only $1.” The Borings claimed satisfaction with the vindication of their claim for Trespass. There was no report on the amount money or time spent to achieve this result.
Was this folly, or was it principle triumphing over principal?